If a reaction doesn't release enough energy to generate 1 ATP, it can be repeated endlessly until it has pumped enough protons to generate 1 ATP. Chemiosmosis allows cells to save loose change, so to ...

For 80 years it has been accepted that early life began in a "primordial soup" of organic molecules before evolving out of the oceans millions of years later. Today the "soup" theory has been ...

Earth’s chemical energy powered early life through ‘the most revolutionary idea in biology since Darwin’ For 80 years it has been accepted that early life began in a ‘primordial soup’ of organic ...